Activation of the immune and inflammatory responses often involves the recognition of bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide or LPS). Binding of LPS by monocytes results in the production and release of proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1 and TNF. LPS-induced signaling cascades involve members of the Ser/Thr protein kinase family known as the
M
itogen
A
ctivated
P
rotein
K
inases (MAPKs). MAPK signal transduction pathways mediate the effects of various extracellular stimuli on biological processes such as proliferation, differentiation, and death. The p38 MAPKs include p38α (MAPK14), β (MAPK11), γ (MAPK12), and δ (MAPK13). These Ser/Thr kinases are activated by dual phosphorylation on threonine (T) and tyrosine (Y) within the motif Thr-Gly-Tyr located in kinase subdomain VIII. Activation of p38 MAPK is mediated specifically by the
M
AP
K
inase
K
inases, MKK3, MKK4, and MKK6. This leads to the activation of multiple transcription factors (NF-κB, ATF-2, Elk-1, and CHOP) that induce expression of many different genes, including proinflammatory cytokine genes. Thus, p38 MAPKs are central kinases in multiple signal transduction pathways.
The 36/p38 (pT180/pY182) monoclonal antibody recognizes the conserved dual phosphorylated site pT180/pY182 of p38α, β, γ, and δ.
应用
反应种属
Human (QC Testing), Mouse, Rat (Tested in Development)
背景
别名
MAPK14; p38 MAP kinase; p38 MAPK; RK; CSBP2
翻译后修饰
Phosphate
制备和贮存
保存方式
Aqueous buffered solution containing BSA and ≤0.09% sodium azide.
参考图片
Flow cytometric analysis of p38 MAPK (pT180/pY182). Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were either left unstimulated (unshaded) or stimulated (shaded) with 40 nM PMA for 10 minutes at 37°C. Cells were fixed with BD Cytofix™ buffer (Cat. No. 554655) for 10 minutes at 37°C and then permeabilized with BD Phosflow™ Perm Buffer III (Cat. No. 558050) for 30 minutes on ice. Cells were then washed twice in BD Pharmingen™ Stain Buffer, and then stained with the Alexa Fluor® 647 mouse anti-p38 MAPK (pT180/pY182) antibody. The cells were analyzed on a BD FACSCalibur™ flow cytometer. For intracellular staining of human whole blood, BD Phosflow™ Lyse/Fix buffer (Cat. No. 558049) may be used for fixation.