GADD34 (E3S6N) Rabbit mAb

The growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein, GADD34, is essential for cell stress responses. It is induced by stresses such as DNA damage and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. ER stress stimulates the unfolded protein response (UPR), increasing phosphorylation of Ser51 in the α subunit of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 (eIF2α). This change represses translation. Phosphorylation of eIF2α also increases GADD34 expression. GADD34 binds to type 1 protein phosphatase 1 (PP1), a serine/threonine phosphatase, and promotes PP1 to dephosphorylate eIF2α (1,2). GADD34 expression is correlated with eIF2α dephosphorylation late in the stress response, suggesting a critical role of GADD34 in a negative feedback loop to reduce stress response signaling and shift cells from protein synthesis inhibition to stress-induced gene expression (3). 1.Novoa, I. et al. (2001) J Cell Biol 153, 1011-22. 2.Brush, M.H. et al. (2003) Mol Cell Biol 23, 1292-303. 3.Novoa, I. et al. (2003) EMBO J 22, 1180-7.