Phospho-GSK-3-beta (Ser9) (5B3) Rabbit mAb

Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) was initially identified as an enzyme that regulates glycogen synthesis in response to insulin (1). GSK-3 is a ubiquitously expressed serine/threonine protein kinase that phosphorylates and inactivates glycogen synthase. GSK-3 is a critical downstream element of the PI3K/Akt cell survival pathway whose activity can be inhibited by Akt-mediated phosphorylation at Ser21 of GSK-3α and Ser9 of GSK-3β (2,3). GSK-3 has been implicated in the regulation of cell fate in Dictyostelium and is a component of the Wnt signaling pathway required for Drosophila, Xenopus, and mammalian development (4). GSK-3 has been shown to regulate cyclin D1 proteolysis and subcellular localization (5). 1.Welsh, G.I. et al. (1996) Trends Cell Biol 6, 274-9. 2.Srivastava, A.K. and Pandey, S.K. (1998) Mol Cell Biochem 182, 135-41. 3.Cross, D.A. et al. (1995) Nature 378, 785-9. 4.Nusse, R. (1997) Cell 89, 321-3. 5.Diehl, J.A. et al. (1998) Genes Dev 12, 3499-511.