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Recombinant Human Nodal Protein, CF (25 ug)
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咨询Recombinant Human Nodal Protein Summary
- R&D Systems E. coli-derived Recombinant Human Nodal Protein (3218-ND)
- Quality control testing to verify active proteins with lot specific assays by in-house scientists
- All R&D Systems proteins are covered with a 100% guarantee
Product Specifications
His238-Leu347, with an N-terminal Met
Analysis
Product Datasheets
3218-ND (with carrier)
3218-ND/CF (carrier free)
Carrier Free
CF stands for Carrier Free (CF). We typically add Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins. Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, and allows the recombinant protein to be stored at a more dilute concentration. The carrier free version does not contain BSA.
In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard. In contrast, the carrier free protein is recommended for applications, in which the presence of BSA could interfere.
3218-ND
| Formulation | Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in Acetonitrile and TFA with BSA as a carrier protein. |
| Reconstitution | Reconstitute at 100-200 μg/mL in sterile 4 mM HCl. |
| Shipping | The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below. |
| Stability & Storage: | Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
|
3218-ND/CF
| Formulation | Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in Acetonitrile and TFA. |
| Reconstitution | Reconstitute at 100-200 μg/mL in sterile 4 mM HCl. |
| Shipping | The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below. |
| Stability & Storage: | Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
|
Reconstitution Calculator
Background: Nodal
Nodal is a 13 kDa member of the TGF-beta superfamily of molecules (1-3). Its name derives from the fact that it is expressed in the primitive node of the developing embryo. In human, it is synthesized as a 347 amino acid (aa) preproprecursor that contains a 26 aa signal sequence, a 211 aa prodomain, and a 110 aa mature region (4, 5). Consistent with its TGF-beta superfamily membership, it exists as a disulfide-linked homodimer and would be expected to demonstrate a cysteine-knot motif (1, 5, 6). Mature human Nodal is 99%, 98%, 96% and 98% aa identical to mature canine, rat, bovine and mouse Nodal, respectively. Nodal signals through two receptor complexes, both of which contain members of the TGF-beta family of Ser/Thr kinase receptors. The first receptor complex is composed of ActRIB/ALK4 and ActRIIB. Nodal interaction with the ligand-binding subunit ALK4 requires the participation of fucosylated Cripto, a member of the EGF-CFC gene family. The second complex is composed of ALK7 and ActRIIB, and does not require Cripto interaction (7-9). Nodal signaling is regulated by a number of inhibitors. Nodal is reported to form nonsignaling disulfide-linked heterodimers with BMP-3, -4 and -7 (2, 6). There are also at least three secreted factors that block Nodal activation of its receptor. The first is Cerberus, a member of the DAN family of proteins. The last two are TGF-beta family members named Lefty-A and B (2, 11). The exact mechanisms employed are unclear, but Leftys are apparently induced by nodal and can work at a considerable distance from their origin (2). Nodal is known to induce both mesoderm and endoderm, participate in anterior-posterior positioning, and through ALK7, induce apoptosis in susceptible cell populations (2, 8, 12).
- Kishigami, S. and Y. Mishina (2005) Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 16:265.
- Schier, A.F. (2003) Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol. 19:589.
- Whitman, M. and M. Mercola (2001) Sci. STKE. Jan 9;(64):RE1.
- Gebbia, M. et al. (1997) Nat. Genet. 17:305.
- Hart, A.H. et al. (2005) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 333:1361.
- Yeo, C-Y. and M. Whitman (2001) Mol. Cell 7:949.
- Yan, Y-T. et al. (2002) Mol. Cell. Biol. 22:4439.
- Munir, S. et al. (2004) J. Biol. Chem. 279:31277.
- Shen, M.M. and A.F. Schier (2000) Trends Genet. 16:303.
- Lah, M. et al. (1999) Genomics 55:364.
- Kosaki, K. et al. (1999) Am. J. Hum. Genet. 64:712.
- Zhou, X. et al. (1993) Nature 361:543.
Background: Nodal
Nodal is a 13 kDa member of the TGF-beta superfamily of molecules (1-3). Its name derives from the fact that it is expressed in the primitive node of the developing embryo. In human, it is synthesized as a 347 amino acid (aa) preproprecursor that contains a 26 aa signal sequence, a 211 aa prodomain, and a 110 aa mature region (4, 5). Consistent with its TGF-beta superfamily membership, it exists as a disulfide-linked homodimer and would be expected to demonstrate a cysteine-knot motif (1, 5, 6). Mature human Nodal is 99%, 98%, 96% and 98% aa identical to mature canine, rat, bovine and mouse Nodal, respectively. Nodal signals through two receptor complexes, both of which contain members of the TGF-beta family of Ser/Thr kinase receptors. The first receptor complex is composed of ActRIB/ALK4 and ActRIIB. Nodal interaction with the ligand-binding subunit ALK4 requires the participation of fucosylated Cripto, a member of the EGF-CFC gene family. The second complex is composed of ALK7 and ActRIIB, and does not require Cripto interaction (7-9). Nodal signaling is regulated by a number of inhibitors. Nodal is reported to form nonsignaling disulfide-linked heterodimers with BMP-3, -4 and -7 (2, 6). There are also at least three secreted factors that block Nodal activation of its receptor. The first is Cerberus, a member of the DAN family of proteins. The last two are TGF-beta family members named Lefty-A and B (2, 11). The exact mechanisms employed are unclear, but Leftys are apparently induced by nodal and can work at a considerable distance from their origin (2). Nodal is known to induce both mesoderm and endoderm, participate in anterior-posterior positioning, and through ALK7, induce apoptosis in susceptible cell populations (2, 8, 12).
- Kishigami, S. and Y. Mishina (2005) Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 16:265.
- Schier, A.F. (2003) Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol. 19:589.
- Whitman, M. and M. Mercola (2001) Sci. STKE. Jan 9;(64):RE1.
- Gebbia, M. et al. (1997) Nat. Genet. 17:305.
- Hart, A.H. et al. (2005) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 333:1361.
- Yeo, C-Y. and M. Whitman (2001) Mol. Cell 7:949.
- Yan, Y-T. et al. (2002) Mol. Cell. Biol. 22:4439.
- Munir, S. et al. (2004) J. Biol. Chem. 279:31277.
- Shen, M.M. and A.F. Schier (2000) Trends Genet. 16:303.
- Lah, M. et al. (1999) Genomics 55:364.
- Kosaki, K. et al. (1999) Am. J. Hum. Genet. 64:712.
- Zhou, X. et al. (1993) Nature 361:543.
