p22phox Antibody

The p22phox protein is a critical component of the membrane-bound NADPH Oxidase of phagocytes that generate superoxide anion and alter the redox states in cells. p22phox associates with the catalytic subunit gp91phox (NOX2), NOX1, NOX3, or NOX4 to form the active NADPH Oxidase. The enzymatic complex includes cytosolic subunits p40phox, p47phox, p67phox, and Rac2 that are recruited to the membrane-bound subunits, subsequently generating superoxide anion as the final product, serving as a microbial killing system (1,2). Multiple phosphorylation sites in each subunit of these oxidases potentiate its activation, including the phosphorylation of p22phox at Thr147 epitope facing the cytoplasmic space (3-5). NADPH Oxidase is associated with several diseases, including hyperglycemia, cancer, inflammation and vascular cases, as well as neurodegenerative diseases (6), including its activation by SOD1 mutants in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (7), and in Alzheimer's disease where NADPH Oxidase activation exacerbates the effects of fibrillary tangles and β-amyloid plaques, causing neuronal death (8,9). 1.Nauseef, W.M. (2019) Curr Opin Immunol 60, 130-140. 2.Brandes, R.P. et al. (2014) Free Radic Biol Med 76, 208-26. 3.Belambri, S.A. et al. (2018) Eur J Clin Invest 48 Suppl 2, e12951. 4.Lewis, E.M. et al. (2010) J Biol Chem 285, 2959-67. 5.Boillée, S. and Cleveland, D.W. (2008) J Clin Invest 118, 474-8. 6.Rastogi, R. et al. (2016) Front Cell Neurosci 10, 301. 7.Shiose, A. and Sumimoto, H. (2000) J Biol Chem 275, 13793-801. 8.Bianca, V.D. et al. (1999) J Biol Chem 274, 15493-9. 9.Chay, K.O. et al. (2017) Chonnam Med J 53, 196-202.