Phospho-MAPK Family Antibody Sampler Kit

p44/42 MAPK (Erk1/2), SAPK/JNK, and p38 MAPK function in protein kinase cascades that play a critical role in the regulation of cell growth, differentiation, and control of cellular responses to cytokines and stress. p44/42 MAPK is activated by growth and neurotrophic factors. Activation occurs through phosphorylation of threonine and tyrosine residues (Thr202 and Tyr204 in human Erk1) at the sequence T*EY* by a single upstream MAP kinase kinase (MEK). SAPK/JNK and p38 MAPK are activated by inflammatory cytokines and by a wide variety of cellular stresses. Activation of SAPK/JNK occurs via phosphorylation at Thr183 and Tyr185 by the dual specificity enzyme SEK/MKK4. Both MKK3 and SEK phosphorylate p38 MAPK on tyrosine and threonine at the sequence T*GY* to activate p38 MAP kinase (1-5). 1.Lewis, T. S. et al. (1998) Adv. Cancer Res. 74, 49-139. 2.Garrington, T.P. and Johnson, G.L. (1999) Curr. Opin. Cell. Biol. 11, 211-218. 3.Schaeffer, H.J. and Weber, M.J. (1999) Mol. Cell. Biol. 19, 2435-2444. 4.Whitmarsh, A.J. and Davis, R.J. (1998) Trends Biochem. Sci. 23, 481-485. 5.Cobb, M.H. (1999) Prog. Biophys. Mol. Biol. 71, 479-500.