TIGIT (Tiragolumab Biosimilar) Human Monoclonal Antibody

T-cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT), also known as VSIG9, VSTM3, and WUCAM, is a member of the poliovirus receptor family of immunoglobulin proteins (1-3). TIGIT is expressed at low levels on subsets of T cells and NK cells, and is upregulated at the protein level following activation of these cells (1-4). TIGIT marks exhausted T cells in the tumor microenvironment (5) and during human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (6). Research has shown TIGIT interacts with several receptors expressed on antigen presenting cells, such as dendritic cells and macrophages, as well as tumor cells and cells of the microenvironment. TIGIT binds with high affinity to PVR/CD155, and with low affinity to Nectin-2/CD112 and Nectin-3/CD113 (2,4,7). Upon binding to its ligands, TIGIT suppresses T cell activation, and inhibits T and NK cell cytotoxicity. This inhibition can be blocked using monoclonal antibodies directed at the extracellular domain of TIGIT, resulting in rejuvenated antigen-specific CD8+ T cell responses in tumors and during HIV infection (5,6,8). Three potential isoforms of TIGIT have been computationally mapped (9). 1.Yu, X. et al. (2009) Nat Immunol 10, 48-57. 2.Levin, S.D. et al. (2011) Eur J Immunol 41, 902-15. 3.Boles, K.S. et al. (2009) Eur J Immunol 39, 695-703. 4.Stanietsky, N. et al. (2009) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 106, 17858-63. 5.Chauvin, J.M. et al. (2015) J Clin Invest 125, 2046-58. 6.Chew, G.M. et al. (2016) PLoS Pathog 12, e1005349. 7.Stengel, K.F. et al. (2012) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 109, 5399-404. 8.Johnston, R.J. et al. (2014) Cancer Cell 26, 923-37. 9.Bechtel, S. et al. (2007) BMC Genomics 8, 399.