GAPDH Recombinant Rabbit mAb (HRP Conjugate) (S-240-147)

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is a ubiquitous and highly conserved multifunctional protein that plays a central role in cellular metabolism, primarily catalyzing the sixth step of glycolysis where it converts glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate into 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate while simultaneously reducing NAD+ to NADH. Beyond its canonical function in energy production, GAPDH exhibits remarkable "moonlighting" activities depending on its subcellular localization, participating in diverse processes such as DNA repair, transcriptional regulation, vesicular transport, and the initiation of apoptosis under stress conditions like oxidative damage or nitrosative stress. Due to its constitutive and relatively stable expression across various tissues and experimental conditions, GAPDH has historically been widely used as a loading control in techniques like Western blotting and RT-PCR, although recent studies caution against this practice without validation since its levels can fluctuate significantly in response to specific metabolic states or pathological conditions. Structurally, it typically functions as a homotetramer, and its involvement in several neurodegenerative diseases, including Huntington's and Alzheimer's, highlights its critical importance in maintaining cellular homeostasis and its potential as a therapeutic target.