>95%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Silver Staining and quantitative densitometry by Coomassie® Blue Staining.

<0.10 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.

Measured by its ability to induce alkaline phosphatase production by ATDC5 mouse chondrogenic cells. Binnerts, M.E. et al. (2004) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 315(2):272. The ED₅₀ for this effect is typically 40-200 ng/mL.
The specific activity of Recombinant Human BMP-2 is approximately 781 U/μg, which is calibrated against human BMP-2 WHO International Standard (NIBSC code: 93/574).

Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in Glycine, Sucrose, Tween® 80 and Glutamic Acid with BSA as a carrier protein.

Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) is a member of the BMP subgroup of the TGF-beta superfamily. It plays a dominant role in embryonic dorsal-ventral patterning, organogenesis, limb bud formation, and bone formation and regeneration (1, 2). Human BMP‑2 is synthesized as a 396 amino acid (aa) preproprotein that contains a 23 aa signal sequence, a 259 aa prosegment, and a 114 aa mature region (3). Proteolytic removal of the propeptide enables mature BMP-2 to form active disulfide linked homodimers and heterodimers with BMP-7 (2). Mature monomeric BMP-2 is an 18 kDa glycosylated peptide with seven conserved cysteines that form a cystine knot structure (4). Mature human BMP-2 shares 100% aa sequence identity with mouse and rat BMP-2. It shares 85% aa sequence identity with human BMP-4 and less than 51% with other BMPs. BMP-2 signals through heterodimeric complexes composed of a type I receptor (Activin RI, BMPR‑IA, or BMPR‑IB) and a type II receptor (BMP RII or Activin RIIB) (2, 5). BMP-2 induces chondrocyte proliferation, endochondral bone formation, longitudinal bone growth, and bone and cartilage repair (6, 7). It induces ectopic bone formation or calcification by promoting osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation in mesenchymal cells, stem cells, and vascular smooth muscle cells (2, 8‑10). BMP-2/BMP-7 heterodimers are significantly more potent than BMP-2 homodimers at inducing bone formation in vivo (11). BMP-2 also promotes the maintenance and repair of colonic epithelium, suppresses neuronal dopamine synthesis and release, induces apoptosis in medulloblastoma cells, and is required for cardiac contractility (12‑15).

BMP-2; BMP-2A; BMP2ABone morphogenetic protein 2A; bone morphogenetic protein 2

Reconstitute at 100-200 μg/mL in sterile 4 mM HCl containing at least 0.1% human or bovine serum albumin.

R&D Systems personnel manually curate a database that contains references using R&D Systems products. The data collected includes not only links to publications in PubMed, but also provides information about sample types, species, and experimental conditions.

Cell type-specific control of protein synthesis and proliferation by FGF-dependent signaling to the translation repressor 4E-BP
Authors: Rachel Ruoff
Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2016;0(0):.
Species: Mouse
Sample Type: Whole Cells
Application: Bioassay
Type III transforming growth factor beta receptor regulates vascular and osteoblast development during palatogenesis.
Authors: Hill C, Jacobs B, Brown C, Barnett J, Goudy S
Dev Dyn, 2015;244(2):122-33.
Species: Mouse
Sample Type: Whole Cells
Application: Bioassay
Osteogenic Surface Modification Based on Functionalized Poly-P-Xylylene Coating.
Authors: Chang C, Yeh S, Lee B, Chen C, Su C, Lin Y, Liu C, Chen H
PLoS ONE, 2015;10(9):e0137017.
Species: Human CCN3 transgenic mouse
Sample Type: recombinant protein
Application: Bioassay
Radiation-induced alterations of osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells.
Authors: Cruet-Hennequart S, Drougard C, Shaw G, Legendre F, Demoor M, Barry F, Lefaix J, Galera P
PLoS ONE, 2015;10(3):e0119334.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Whole Cells
Application: Bioassay
Heterozygous null bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 mutations promote SRC kinase-dependent caveolar trafficking defects and endothelial dysfunction in pulmonary arterial hypertension.
Authors: Prewitt A, Ghose S, Frump A, Datta A, Austin E, Kenworthy A, de Caestecker M
J Biol Chem, 2015;290(2):960-71.
Species: Mouse
Sample Type: Whole Cells
Application: Bioassay
Osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells in mineralized alginate matrices.
Authors: Westhrin M, Xie M, Olderoy M, Sikorski P, Strand B, Standal T
PLoS ONE, 2015;10(3):e0120374.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Whole Cells
Application: Bioassay
Matrilin-3 inhibits chondrocyte hypertrophy as a bone morphogenetic protein-2 antagonist.
Authors: Yang X, Trehan S, Guan Y, Sun C, Moore D, Jayasuriya C, Chen Q
J Biol Chem, 2014;289(50):34768-79.
Species: Chicken
Sample Type: Whole Cells
Application: Bioassay
Changes of microRNA profile and microRNA-mRNA regulatory network in bones of ovariectomized mice.
Authors: An J, Ohn J, Song J, Yang J, Park H, Choi H, Kim S, Kim S, Park W, Shin C
J Bone Miner Res, 2014;29(3):644-56.
Species: Mouse
Sample Type: Whole Cells
Application: Bioassay
Identification of BMP2 as an epigenetically silenced growth inhibitor in rhabdomyosarcoma.
Authors: Wolf S, Hagl B, Kappler R
Int J Oncol, 2014;44(5):1727-35.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Whole Cells
Application: Bioassay
Gremlin 2 promotes differentiation of embryonic stem cells to atrial fate by activation of the JNK signaling pathway.
Authors: Tanwar V, Bylund J, Hu J, Yan J, Walthall J, Mukherjee A, Heaton W, Wang W, Potet F, Rai M, Kupershmidt S, Knapik E, Hatzopoulos A
Stem Cells, 2014;32(7):1774-88.
Species: Mouse
Sample Type: Whole Cells
Application: Bioassay
Bone morphogenetic protein-2/-4 upregulation promoted by endothelial cells in coculture enhances mouse embryoid body differentiation.
Authors: Talavera-Adame, Dodanim, Gupta, Ankur, Kurtovic, Silvia, Chaiboonma, Kira L, Arumugaswami, Vaithili, Dafoe, Donald C
Stem Cells Dev, 2013;22(24):3252-60.
Species: Mouse
Sample Type: whole cells
Application: Bioassay
Lack of CD47 impairs bone cell differentiation and results in an osteopenic phenotype in vivo due to impaired signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRPalpha) signaling.
Authors: Koskinen C, Persson E, Baldock P, Stenberg A, Bostrom I, Matozaki T, Oldenborg P, Lundberg P
J Biol Chem, 2013;288(41):29333-44.
Species: Mouse
Sample Type: Whole Cells
Application: Bioassay
H3K9 methylation is a barrier during somatic cell reprogramming into iPSCs.
Authors: Chen, Jiekai, Liu, He, Liu, Jing, Qi, Jing, Wei, Bei, Yang, Jiaqi, Liang, Hanquan, Chen, You, Chen, Jing, Wu, Yaran, Guo, Lin, Zhu, Jieying, Zhao, Xiangjie, Peng, Tianran, Zhang, Yixin, Chen, Shen, Li, Xuejia, Li, Dongwei, Wang, Tao, Pei, Duanqing
Nat Genet, 2013;45(1):34-42.
Species: Mouse
Sample Type: whole cells
Application: Bioassay
Generation of robust vascular networks from cardiovascular blast populations derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells in vivo and ex vivo organ culture system.
Authors: Kawamoto T, Kobayashi Y, Nakajima H, Yamagishi Y
Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2013;441(1):180-5.
Species: Mouse
Sample Type: whole cells
Application: Bioassay
TAK1 regulates SOX9 expression in chondrocytes and is essential for postnatal development of the growth plate and articular cartilages.
Authors: Gao L, Sheu T, Dong Y, Hoak D, Zuscik M, Schwarz E, Hilton M, O'Keefe R, Jonason J
J Cell Sci, 2013;126(0):5704-13.
Species: Mouse
Sample Type: Whole Cells
Application: Bioassay
Gremlin-1 induces BMP-independent tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion.
Authors: Kim M, Yoon S, Lee S
PLoS ONE, 2012;7(4):e35100.
Species: Human
Sample Type: recombinant Gremlin-1
Application: Binding Assay
Osteoblast-like differentiation of cultured human coronary artery smooth muscle cells by bone morphogenetic protein endothelial cell precursor-derived regulator (BMPER).
Authors: Satomi-Kobayashi S, Kinugasa M, Kobayashi R, Hatakeyama K, Kurogane Y, Ishida T, Emoto N, Asada Y, Takai Y, Hirata K, Rikitake Y
J Biol Chem, 2012;287(36):30336-45.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Whole Cells
Application: Bioassay
Protein phosphatase 5 modulates SMAD3 function in the transforming growth factor-beta pathway.
Authors: Bruce D, Macartney T, Yong W, Shou W, Sapkota G
Cell Signal, 2012;24(11):1999-2006.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Whole Cells
Application: Bioassay
Repulsive guidance molecule (RGM) family proteins exhibit differential binding kinetics for bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs).
Authors: Wu, Qifang, Sun, Chia Chi, Lin, Herbert, Babitt, Jodie L
PLoS ONE, 2012;7(9):e46307.
Species: Human
Sample Type: recombinant protein
Application: Surface Plasmon Resonance
Sertoli cell-conditioned medium induces germ cell differentiation in human embryonic stem cells.
Authors: Geens M, Sermon KD
J. Assist. Reprod. Genet., 2011;0(0):.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Whole Cells
Application: Bioassay
Age-related changes in rat bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cell plasticity.
Authors: Asumda FZ, Chase PB
BMC Cell Biol., 2011;12(0):44.
Species: Rat
Sample Type: Whole Cells
Application: Bioassay
Soluble Endoglin Specifically Binds Bone Morphogenetic Proteins 9 and 10 via Its Orphan Domain, Inhibits Blood Vessel Formation, and Suppresses Tumor Growth.
Authors: Castonguay R, Werner ED, Matthews RG, Presman E, Mulivor AW, Solban N, Sako D, Pearsall RS, Underwood KW, Seehra J, Kumar R, Grinberg AV
J. Biol. Chem., 2011;286(34):30034-46.
Species: Human
Sample Type: recombinant Endoglin
Application: Surface Plasmon Resonance
Bone morphogenetic protein-2 may represent the molecular link between oxidative stress and vascular stiffness in chronic kidney disease.
Authors: Dalfino G, Simone S, Porreca S, Cosola C, Balestra C, Manno C, Schena FP, Grandaliano G, Pertosa G
Atherosclerosis, 2010;211(2):418-23.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Whole Cells
Application: Bioassay
Bone morphogenetic protein heterodimers assemble heteromeric type I receptor complexes to pattern the dorsoventral axis.
Authors: Little SC, Mullins MC
Nat. Cell Biol., 2009;11(5):637-43.
Species: Zebrafish
Sample Type: Whole Tissue
Application: Bioassay
The heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) glypican-3 mediates commitment of MC3T3-E1 cells toward osteogenesis.
Authors: Haupt LM, Murali S, Mun FK, Teplyuk N, Mei LF, Stein GS, van Wijnen AJ, Nurcombe V, Cool SM
J. Cell. Physiol., 2009;220(3):780-91.
Species: Mouse
Sample Type: Whole Cells
Application: Bioassay
Transcriptional regulation of SM22alpha by Wnt3a: convergence with TGFbeta(1)/Smad signaling at a novel regulatory element.
Authors: Shafer SL, Towler DA
J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol., 2009;46(5):621-35.
Species: Mouse
Sample Type: Whole Cells
Application: Bioassay
Bidirectional signaling through ephrinA2-EphA2 enhances osteoclastogenesis and suppresses osteoblastogenesis.
Authors: Irie N, Takada Y, Watanabe Y, Matsuzaki Y, Naruse C, Asano M, Iwakura Y, Suda T, Matsuo K
J. Biol. Chem., 2009;284(21):14637-44.
Species: Mouse
Sample Type: Whole Cells
Application: Bioassay
Identification of TWSG1 as a second novel erythroid regulator of hepcidin expression in murine and human cells.
Authors: Tanno T, Porayette P, Sripichai O, Noh SJ, Byrnes C, Bhupatiraju A, Lee YT, Goodnough JB, Harandi O, Ganz T, Paulson RF, Miller JL
Blood, 2009;114(1):181-6.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Whole Cells
Application: Bioassay
New role of bone morphogenetic protein 7 in brown adipogenesis and energy expenditure.
Authors: Tseng YH, Kokkotou E, Schulz TJ, Huang TL, Winnay JN, Taniguchi CM, Tran TT, Suzuki R, Espinoza DO, Yamamoto Y, Ahrens MJ, Dudley AT, Norris AW, Kulkarni RN, Kahn CR
Nature, 2008;454(7207):1000-4.
Species: Mouse
Sample Type: Whole Cells
Application: Bioassay
High-throughput screening assay for the identification of compounds regulating self-renewal and differentiation in human embryonic stem cells.
Authors: Desbordes SC, Placantonakis DG, Ciro A, Socci ND, Lee G, Djaballah H, Studer L
Cell Stem Cell, 2008;2(6):602-12.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Whole Cells
Application: Bioassay
Regulation of bone morphogenetic protein signalling in human pulmonary vascular development.
Authors: Southwood M, Jeffery TK, Yang X, Upton PD, Hall SM, Atkinson C, Haworth SG, Stewart S, Reynolds PN, Long L, Trembath RC, Morrell NW
J. Pathol., 2008;214(1):85-95.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Whole Cells
Application: Bioassay
BMP4 regulation of human megakaryocytic differentiation is involved in thrombopoietin signaling.
Authors: Jeanpierre S, Nicolini FE, Kaniewski B, Dumontet C, Rimokh R, Puisieux A, Maguer-Satta V
Blood, 2008;112(8):3154-63.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Whole Cells
Application: Bioassay
Chordin-like 1, a bone morphogenetic protein-4 antagonist, is upregulated by hypoxia in human retinal pericytes and plays a role in regulating angiogenesis.
Authors: Kane R, Godson C, O'Brien C
Mol. Vis., 2008;14(0):1138-48.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Whole Cells
Application: Bioassay
A new model for growth factor activation: type II receptors compete with the prodomain for BMP-7.
Authors: Sengle G, Ono RN, Lyons KM, Bachinger HP, Sakai LY
J. Mol. Biol., 2008;381(4):1025-39.
Species: Human
Sample Type: recombinant BMPRIA
Application: ELISA capture
Targeting of bone morphogenetic protein growth factor complexes to fibrillin.
Authors: Sengle G, Charbonneau NL, Ono RN, Sasaki T, Alvarez J, Keene DR, Bachinger HP, Sakai LY
J. Biol. Chem., 2008;283(20):13874-88.
Species: Human
Sample Type: recombinant Fibrillin
Application: complex formation
TGFbeta ligands promote the initiation of retinal ganglion cell dendrites in vitro and in vivo.
Authors: Hocking JC, Hehr CL, Chang RY, Johnston J, McFarlane S
Mol. Cell. Neurosci., 2007;37(2):247-60.
Species: Xenopus
Sample Type: Whole Cells
Application: Bioassay
Osteoblasts support B-lymphocyte commitment and differentiation from hematopoietic stem cells.
Authors: Zhu J, Garrett R, Jung Y, Zhang Y, Kim N, Wang J, Joe GJ, Hexner E, Choi Y, Taichman RS, Emerson SG
Blood, 2007;109(9):3706-12.
Species: Mouse
Sample Type: Whole Cells
Application: Bioassay
Dickkopf-1 is a master regulator of joint remodeling.
Authors: Diarra D, Stolina M, Polzer K, Zwerina J, Ominsky MS, Dwyer D, Korb A, Smolen J, Hoffmann M, Scheinecker C, van der Heide D, Landewe R, Lacey D, Richards WG, Schett G
Nat. Med., 2007;13(2):156-63.
Species: Mouse
Sample Type: Whole Cells
Application: Bioassay
Antitumor activity of ALK1 in pancreatic carcinoma cells.
Authors: Ungefroren H, Schniewind B, Groth S, Chen WB, Muerkoster SS, Kalthoff H, Fandrich F
Int. J. Cancer, 2007;120(8):1641-51.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Whole Cells
Application: Bioassay
Iron transferrin regulates hepcidin synthesis in primary hepatocyte culture through hemojuvelin and BMP2/4.
Authors: Lin L, Valore EV, Nemeth E, Goodnough JB, Gabayan V, Ganz T
Blood, 2007;110(6):2182-9.
Species: Mouse
Sample Type: Whole Cells
Application: Bioassay
Sequential roles for myosin-X in BMP6-dependent filopodial extension, migration, and activation of BMP receptors.
Authors: Pi X, Ren R, Kelley R, Zhang C, Moser M, Bohil AB, Divito M, Cheney RE, Patterson C
J. Cell Biol., 2007;179(7):1569-82.
Species: Mouse
Sample Type: Whole Cells
Application: Bioassay
Bone morphogenetic protein-mediated modulation of lineage diversification during neural differentiation of embryonic stem cells.
Authors: Gossrau G, Thiele J, Konang R, Schmandt T, Brustle O
Stem Cells, 2007;25(4):939-49.
Species: Mouse
Sample Type: Whole Cells
Application: Bioassay
Administration of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor reduces joint inflammation but exacerbates osteopenia in IL-1 alpha transgenic mice due to GM-CSF overproduction.
Authors: Niki Y, Takaishi H, Takito J, Miyamoto T, Kosaki N, Matsumoto H, Toyama Y, Tada N
J. Immunol., 2007;179(1):639-46.
Species: Mouse
Sample Type: Whole Cells
Application: Bioassay
BMP gradients steer nerve growth cones by a balancing act of LIM kinase and Slingshot phosphatase on ADF/cofilin.
Authors: Wen Z, Han L, Bamburg JR, Shim S, Ming GL, Zheng JQ
J. Cell Biol., 2007;178(1):107-19.
Species: Xenopus
Sample Type: Whole Cells
Application: Bioassay
New cell lines from mouse epiblast share defining features with human embryonic stem cells.
Authors: Tesar PJ, Chenoweth JG, Brook FA, Davies TJ, Evans EP, Mack DL, Gardner RL, McKay RD
Nature, 2007;448(7150):196-9.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Whole Cells
Application: Bioassay
Activin-like kinase receptor 1 (ALK1) in atherosclerotic lesions and vascular mesenchymal cells.
Authors: Yao Y, Zebboudj AF, Torres A, Shao E, Bostrom K
Cardiovasc. Res., 2007;74(2):279-89.
Species: Bovine
Sample Type: Whole Cells
Application: Bioassay
BMP is an important regulator of proepicardial identity in the chick embryo.
Authors: Schlueter J, Manner J, Brand T
Dev. Biol., 2006;295(2):546-58.
Species: Chicken
Sample Type: Whole Tissue
Application: Bioassay
Pretreatment of adult bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells with cardiomyogenic growth factors and repair of the chronically infarcted myocardium.
Authors: Bartunek J, Croissant JD, Wijns W, Gofflot S, de Lavareille A, Vanderheyden M, Kaluzhny Y, Mazouz N, Willemsen P, Penicka M, Mathieu M, Homsy C, De Bruyne B, McEntee K, Lee IW, Heyndrickx GR
Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol., 2006;292(2):H1095-104.
Species: Canine
Sample Type: Whole Cells
Application: Bioassay
BMPs restrict the position of premuscle masses in the limb buds by influencing Tcf4 expression.
Authors: Bonafede A, Kohler T, Rodriguez-Niedenfuhr M, Brand-Saberi B
Dev. Biol., 2006;299(2):330-44.
Species: Chicken
Sample Type: In Ovo
Application: In Ovo
Canonical Wnt signaling is required for development of embryonic stem cell-derived mesoderm.
Authors: Lindsley RC, Gill JG, Kyba M, Murphy TL, Murphy KM
Development, 2006;133(19):3787-96.
Species: Mouse
Sample Type: Whole Cells
Application: Bioassay
The effect of a fibrin-fibronectin/beta-tricalcium phosphate/recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 system on bone formation in rat calvarial defects.
Authors: Hong SJ, Kim CS, Han DK, Cho IH, Jung UW, Choi SH, Kim CK, Cho KS
Biomaterials, 2006;27(20):3810-6.
Species: Rat
Sample Type: In Vivo
Application: In Vivo
Targeted delivery system for juxtacrine signaling growth factor based on rhBMP-2-mediated carrier-protein conjugation.
Authors: Liu HW, Chen CH, Tsai CL, Hsiue GH
Bone, 2006;39(4):825-36.
Species: Rabbit
Sample Type: In Vivo
Application: In Vivo
TWEAK/Fn14 interaction regulates RANTES production, BMP-2-induced differentiation, and RANKL expression in mouse osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells.
Authors: Ando T, Ichikawa J, Wako M, Hatsushika K, Watanabe Y, Sakuma M, Tasaka K, Ogawa H, Hamada Y, Yagita H, Nakao A
Arthritis Res. Ther., 2006;8(5):R146.
Species: Mouse
Sample Type: Whole Cells
Application: Bioassay
HOXA13 regulates the expression of bone morphogenetic proteins 2 and 7 to control distal limb morphogenesis.
Authors: Knosp WM, Scott V, Bachinger HP, Stadler HS
Development, 2004;131(18):4581-92.
Species: Mouse
Sample Type: In Vivo
Application: In Vivo
Cutting edge: bone morphogenetic protein antagonists Drm/Gremlin and Dan interact with Slits and act as negative regulators of monocyte chemotaxis.
Authors: Blair DG, Plisov S, Vasiliev G, Perantoni AO, Athanasiou M, Wu JY, Oppenheim JJ
J. Immunol., 2004;173(10):5914-7.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Whole Cells
Application: Bioassay
Human Crossveinless-2 is a novel inhibitor of bone morphogenetic proteins.
Authors: Binnerts ME, Wen X, Cante-Barrett K, Bright J, Chen HT, Asundi V, Sattari P, Tang T, Boyle B, Funk W, Rupp F
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 2004;315(2):272-80.
Species: Mouse
Sample Type: Whole Cells
Application: Bioassay
BMPER, a novel endothelial cell precursor-derived protein, antagonizes bone morphogenetic protein signaling and endothelial cell differentiation.
Authors: Moser M, Binder O, Wu Y, Aitsebaomo J, Ren R, Bode C, Bautch VL, Conlon FL, Patterson C
Mol. Cell. Biol., 2003;23(16):5664-79.
Species: Mouse
Sample Type: Whole Cells
Application: Bioassay
Enhanced bone augmentation by controlled release of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 from bioabsorbable membranes.
Authors: Lee YM, Nam SH, Seol YJ, Kim TI, Lee SJ, Ku Y, Rhyu IC, Chung CP, Han SB, Choi SM
J. Periodontol., 2003;74(6):865-72.
Species: Rabbit
Sample Type: Whole Cells
Application: Bioassay