BMPs are secreted signaling molecules that comprise a subfamily of the TGF-beta superfamily and were originally identified as regulators of cartilage and bone formation. There are at least 20 structurally and functionally related BMPs, most of which play roles in embryogenesis and morphogenesis of various tissues and organs. Biologically active BMPs are usually homodimers containing a characteristic cysteine knot structure. Heterodimers, BMP-2/BMP-7 and BMP-4/BMP-7 have also been suggested to exist and function in vivo. They are more potent inducers of bone formation than their respective homodimers. In addition, heterodimers, but not homodimers, are ventral mesoderm inducers. Heterodimer activity may be mediated by a different or additional receptor subtype.

Decapentaplegic (Dpp) is one of at least five TGF-beta superfamily ligands identified in the Drosophila genome. Dpp, a functional ortholog of mammalian BMP-2 and BMP-4, is a morphogen and plays an essential role in Drosophila development. Dpp regulates embryonic dorsal-ventral polarity and is required for gut morphogenesis and outgrowth and patterning of imaginal disks.

Bone morphogenetic protein-2 loaded poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) microspheres enhance osteogenic potential of gelatin/hydroxyapatite/?-tricalcium phosphate cryogel composite for alveolar ridge augmentation
Authors: HC Chang, C Yang, F Feng, FH Lin, CH Wang, PC Chang
J. Formos. Med. Assoc, 2017;0(0):.
Species: Human
Sample Type: recombinant protein

Facilitated receptor-recognition and enhanced bioactivity of bone morphogenetic protein-2 on magnesium-substituted hydroxyapatite surface
Authors: B Huang, Y Yuan, T Li, S Ding, W Zhang, Y Gu, C Liu
Sci Rep, 2016;6(0):24323.
Species: Mouse
Sample Type: Cell Culture Supernates

Modified mRNA for BMP 2 in combination with biomaterials serves as a transcript activated matrix for effectively inducing osteogenic pathways in stem cells
Stem Cells Dev, 2016;0(0):.
Species: Rat
Sample Type: Cell Culture Supernates

Targeted next-generation sequencing reveals multiple deleterious variants in OPLL-associated genes
Authors: Xin Chen
Sci Rep, 2016;6(0):26962.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Plasma

Increased plasma BMP-2 levels are associated with atherosclerosis burden and coronary calcification in type 2 diabetic patients.
Authors: Zhang M, Sara J, Wang F, Liu L, Su L, Zhe J, Wu X, Liu J
Cardiovasc Diabetol, 2015;14(0):64.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Plasma

Identifying an ovarian cancer cell hierarchy regulated by bone morphogenetic protein 2.
Authors: Choi Y, Ingram P, Yang K, Coffman L, Iyengar M, Bai S, Thomas D, Yoon E, Buckanovich R
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2015;112(50):E6882-8.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Cell Culture Supernates

The role of transduced bone marrow cells overexpressing BMP-2 in healing critical-sized defects in a mouse femur.
Authors: Pensak M, Hong S, Dukas A, Tinsley B, Drissi H, Tang A, Cote M, Sugiyama O, Lichtler A, Rowe D, Lieberman J
Gene Ther, 2015;22(6):467-75.
Species: Mouse
Sample Type: Cell Culture Supernates

Disequilibrium of BMP2 levels in the breast stem cell niche launches epithelial transformation by overamplifying BMPR1B cell response.
Authors: Chapellier M, Bachelard-Cascales E, Schmidt X, Clement F, Treilleux I, Delay E, Jammot A, Menetrier-Caux C, Pochon G, Besancon R, Voeltzel T, Caron de Fromentel C, Caux C, Blay J, Iggo R, Maguer-Satta V
Stem Cell Reports, 2015;4(2):239-54.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Tissue Homogenates

Dental follicle stem cells in bone regeneration on titanium implants.
Authors: Lucaciu O, Soritau O, Gheban D, Ciuca D, Virtic O, Vulpoi A, Dirzu N, Campian R, Baciut G, Popa C, Simon S, Berce P, Baciut M, Crisan B
BMC Biotechnol, 2015;15(1):114.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Cell Culture Supernates

Simple signaling molecules for inductive bone regenerative engineering.
Authors: Cushnie, Emily K, Ulery, Bret D, Nelson, Stephen, Deng, Meng, Sethuraman, Swaminat, Doty, Stephen, Lo, Kevin W, Khan, Yusuf M, Laurencin, Cato T
PLoS ONE, 2014;9(7):e101627.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Cell Culture Supernates

Neuroprotection by rAAV-mediated gene transfer of bone morphogenic protein 7.
Authors: Heinonen A, Rahman M, Dogbevia G, Jakobi H, Wolfl S, Sprengel R, Schwaninger M
BMC Neurosci, 2014;15(0):38.
Species: Mouse
Sample Type: Cell Culture Supernates

Designing nanotopographical density of extracellular matrix for controlled morphology and function of human mesenchymal stem cells.
Authors: Kim J, Kim H, Lim K, Kim Y, Seonwoo H, Park S, Lim H, Kim D, Suh K, Choung P, Choung Y, Chung J
Sci Rep, 2013;3(0):3552.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Cell Culture Supernates

Bone morphogenetic protein-2/-4 upregulation promoted by endothelial cells in coculture enhances mouse embryoid body differentiation.
Authors: Talavera-Adame, Dodanim, Gupta, Ankur, Kurtovic, Silvia, Chaiboonma, Kira L, Arumugaswami, Vaithili, Dafoe, Donald C
Stem Cells Dev, 2013;22(24):3252-60.
Species: Human
Sample Type: cell culture supernate

The serum bone morphogenetic protein-2 level in non-small-cell lung cancer patients.
Authors: Choi YJ, Kim ST, Park KH, Oh SC, Seo JH, Shin SW, Kim JS, Kim YH
Med. Oncol., 2012;29(0):582-8.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Serum

Bone morphogenetic protein-2 may represent the molecular link between oxidative stress and vascular stiffness in chronic kidney disease.
Authors: Dalfino G, Simone S, Porreca S, Cosola C, Balestra C, Manno C, Schena FP, Grandaliano G, Pertosa G
Atherosclerosis, 2010;211(2):418-23.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Serum

Association of bone morphogenetic proteins with spinal fusion in ankylosing spondylitis.
Authors: Chen HA, Chen CH, Lin YJ, Chen PC, Chen WS, Lu CL, Chou CT
J. Rheumatol., 2010;37(10):2126-32.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Serum

Bone marrow cells are a rich source of growth factors and cytokines: implications for cell therapy trials after myocardial infarction.
Authors: Korf-Klingebiel M, Kempf T, Sauer T, Brinkmann E, Fischer P, Meyer GP, Ganser A, Drexler H, Wollert KC
Eur. Heart J., 2008;29(23):2851-8.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Cell Culture Supernates

Periodontal regeneration using ex vivo autologous stem cells engineered to express the BMP-2 gene: an alternative to alveolaplasty.
Authors: Chen YL, Chen PK, Jeng LB, Huang CS, Yang LC, Chung HY, Chang SC
Gene Ther., 2008;15(22):1469-77.
Species: Rabbit
Sample Type: Cell Culture Supernates

Isolation and characterization of CD146+ multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells.
Authors: Sorrentino A, Ferracin M, Castelli G, Biffoni M, Tomaselli G, Baiocchi M, Fatica A, Negrini M, Peschle C, Valtieri M
Exp. Hematol., 2008;36(8):1035-46.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Cell Culture Supernates

Mesenchymal stem cells support migration, extracellular matrix invasion, proliferation, and survival of endothelial cells in vitro.
Authors: Potapova IA, Gaudette GR, Brink PR, Robinson RB, Rosen MR, Cohen IS, Doronin SV
Stem Cells, 2007;25(7):1761-8.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Cell Culture Supernates

Activin-like kinase receptor 1 (ALK1) in atherosclerotic lesions and vascular mesenchymal cells.
Authors: Yao Y, Zebboudj AF, Torres A, Shao E, Bostrom K
Cardiovasc. Res., 2007;74(2):279-89.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Cell Culture Supernates

Direct adenoviral transfer of bone morphogenetic protein-2 cDNA enhances fracture healing in osteoporotic sheep.
Authors: Egermann M, Baltzer AW, Adamaszek S, Evans C, Robbins P, Schneider E, Lill CA
Hum. Gene Ther., 2006;17(5):507-17.
Species: Ovine
Sample Type: Cell Culture Supernates

Quantitative assessment of growth factors in reaming aspirate, iliac crest, and platelet preparation.
Authors: Herrmann S, Green J, Weber T, Scharfenberger A
Bone, 2006;39(5):1156-63.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Tissue Homogenates

Targeted delivery system for juxtacrine signaling growth factor based on rhBMP-2-mediated carrier-protein conjugation.
Authors: Liu HW, Chen CH, Tsai CL, Hsiue GH
Bone, 2006;39(4):825-36.
Species: Human
Sample Type: recombinant BMP-2

Combinatorial gene therapy for bone regeneration: cooperative interactions between adenovirus vectors expressing bone morphogenetic proteins 2, 4, and 7.
Authors: Zhao M, Zhao Z, Koh JT, Jin T, Franceschi RT
J. Cell. Biochem., 2005;95(1):1-16.
Species: Mouse
Sample Type: Cell Culture Supernates

Measurement of bone morphogenetic proteins and other growth factors in demineralized bone matrix.
Authors: Blum B, Moseley J, Miller L, Richelsoph K, Haggard W
Orthopedics, 2004;27(1):161-5.
Species: Rat
Sample Type: Tissue Homogenates

Shock wave application enhances pertussis toxin protein-sensitive bone formation of segmental femoral defect in rats.
Authors: Chen YJ, Kuo YR, Yang KD, Wang CJ, Huang HC, Wang FS
J. Bone Miner. Res., 2003;18(12):2169-79.
Species: Rat
Sample Type: Serum